|
Ealdred (or Aldred;〔 died 11 September 1069) was Abbot of Tavistock, Bishop of Worcester, and Archbishop of York in Anglo-Saxon England. He was related to a number of other ecclesiastics of the period. After becoming a monk at the monastery at Winchester, he was appointed Abbot of Tavistock Abbey in around 1027. In 1046 he was named to the Bishopric of Worcester. Ealdred, besides his episcopal duties, served Edward the Confessor, the King of England, as a diplomat and as a military leader. He worked to bring one of the king's relatives, Edward the Exile, back to England from Hungary to secure an heir for the childless king. In 1058 he undertook a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, the first bishop from England to do so.〔Barlow ''Edward the Confessor'' pp. 208–209〕 As administrator of the Diocese of Hereford, he was involved in fighting against the Welsh, suffering two defeats at the hands of raiders before securing a settlement with Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, a Welsh ruler. In 1060, Ealdred was elected to the archbishopric of York, but had difficulty in obtaining papal approval for his appointment, only managing to do so when he promised not to hold the bishoprics of York and Worcester simultaneously. He helped secure the election of Wulfstan as his successor at Worcester. During his archiepiscopate, he built and embellished churches in his diocese, and worked to improve his clergy by holding a synod which published regulations for the priesthood. Some sources state that following King Edward the Confessor's death in 1066, it was Ealdred who crowned Harold Godwinson as King of England.〔Hindley ''Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons'' p. 335〕 Ealdred supported Harold as king, but when Harold was defeated at the Battle of Hastings, Ealdred backed Edgar the Ætheling and then endorsed King William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy and a distant relative of King Edward's. Ealdred crowned King William on Christmas Day in 1066. William never quite trusted Ealdred or the other English leaders, and Ealdred had to accompany William back to Normandy in 1067, but he had returned to York by the time of his death in 1069. Ealdred supported the churches and monasteries in his diocese with gifts and building projects. ==Early life== Ealdred was probably born in the west of England, and could be related to Lyfing, his predecessor as bishop of Worcester.〔Lawson "Ealdred" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 His family, from Devonshire, may have been well-to-do.〔King "Ealdred" ''Anglo-Norman Studies XVIII'' p. 124〕 Another relative was Wilstan or Wulfstan, who under Ealdred's influence became Abbot of Gloucester.〔 Ealdred was a monk in the cathedral chapter at Winchester Cathedral before becoming abbot of Tavistock Abbey about 1027, an office he held until about 1043.〔Knowles ''Monastic Order in England'' p. 72〕 Even after leaving the abbacy of Tavistock, he continued to hold two properties from the abbey until his death.〔 No contemporary documents relating to Ealdred's time as abbot have been discovered.〔King "Ealdred" ''Anglo-Norman Studies XVIII'' p. 125〕 Ealdred was made bishop of Worcester in 1046, a position he held until his resignation in 1062.〔Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 224〕 He may have acted as suffragan, or subordinate bishop, to his predecessor Lyfing before formally assuming the bishopric,〔〔Barlow ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 86〕 as from about 1043 Ealdred witnessed as an ''episcopus'', or bishop, and a charter from 1045 or early 1046 names Sihtric as abbot of Tavistock.〔 Lyfing died on 26 March 1046, and Ealdred became bishop of Worcester shortly after. However, Ealdred did not receive the other two dioceses that Lyfing had held, Crediton and Cornwall; King Edward the Confessor (reigned 1043–1066) granted these to Leofric, who combined the two sees at Crediton in 1050.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ealdred (archbishop of York)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|